Tuesday, December 18, 2012

Aspect of the Whole

Question: How many of the Pesedjet are multiple aspects of the same god in the original myths (i.e. Khnum, your Titan Avatar, being the evening aspect of Ra, or Sekhmet being the orginal form of Hathor)?

The simplest answer: all of them.

The Egyptian gods are the gods of a region that spanned a large geographic area, came into contact with several other large empires and their religions, and covered a vast period of time. We tend to think of some gods, especially the more recognizable ones, as completely distinct; Isis is just Isis, Set is just Set and so on, but in reality the gods were all syncretized, combined, associated and aspected in an enormous and complex process of evolution and specialization. There are in fact almost no Egyptian gods at all that weren't considered aspects of some other god at some point in their existence; they have all been crossed with each other so many times that even Egyptologists aren't always sure which form came first or is more "original".

It's more a process of religious change over time than anything else; the easiest comparison is to modern Hinduism, which has evolved over time from the straight-up stories of the ancient Hindu epics to the modern religion in which everyone and everything is really some aspect of someone or something else. The difference is that, because Hinduism is a part of the modern world and its religious changes can be easily traced, it's not too hard for us to compare its modern forms to ancient ones and see where things have changed and what social and religious factors contributed to that. The ancient Egyptian religion, on the other hand, died over fifteen centuries ago; everything about it looks ancient and "original" to us, and we have far less context to try to figure out who came first doing what. In addition, the fact that various cult centers gave different gods different prominence and therefore assigned them different attributes and associations means that even if we look at a slice from the same time period, we can't always say what the prevailing Egyptian religious view on a given deity was.

Every single god on the Pesedjet's roster has at one point or another been considered merely an aspect of another god; Isis was called part of Mut or Hathor, Hathor was called part of Sekhmet or Bastet, Osiris was considered part of Ra who was in turn considered part of Aten during that god's early rise to power, and so on and so forth. Some gods were associated because they did similar things or had symbolic links, and over time were slowly absorbed into one another as humans forgot those symbolic links or began to take them literally. Nobody is free of the relentless parade of syncretization that occurs over the course of more than three thousand years of humanity practicing a religion; it's inevitable that they'll change everything as their society and philosophies change and new gods rise to prominence or fade into obscurity. We're looking at the confusing end product of millennia of a religion's evolution.

Just as with the Devas, if you want the Pesedjet in your games as a vibrant pantheon, you're going to have to ignore most of the religious rhetoric concerning gods being merely forms of other gods who are merely forms of other gods and so on. Egyptian myth sometimes claims that all gods are aspects of Ra, but having Ra be the only god in the pantheon would be boring, not to mention obviously inaccurate considering the vastly different skills and behavior of the other gods. Instead of worrying about which gods are said to be aspects of other gods (because, again, that's everybody), we choose those gods who have the most vibrant and individual personalities and cults, who show through their myths, legends and worship that they clearly have the clout to be their own deity. Someone like Isis is obviously her own entity, not just part of Hathor, so she makes the cut; someone without an individual personality like Imentet or Sopdu, on the other hand, is more safely considered merely an alternate name for a more prominent god (or just a minor god or goddess not important enough to have a strong cult presence).

The Pesedjet force a Storyteller to make a lot of choices; about which gods are married to whom, are the parents or children of whom, did various famous things or even whether they exist or not at all. Our goal is usually to incorporate the strongest, most well-established deities and their myths into the game; Scion needs that pantheon of individual personalities and deeds rather than a philosophical idea of all gods being one with other gods, so just as with the Devas, it's all a matter of who distinguishes themselves with awesome stories of their exploits and powers.

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