Wednesday, March 12, 2014

Forgotten Realms

Question: What do you guys think of Dubnolissos as the Gaulish underworld? I think it's nice, but since there no actual mention what the Gaulish underworld is, it is pretty much closest thing they have sadly. :(

Question: Do the Nemetondevos have an Overworld?


Gaulish cosmology party!

Or rather, lack of Gaulish cosmology party. As you note, we don't actually know... well, anything much at all about the cosmology of the ancient Gaulish religion. Most of our notions of what the ancient continental Celtic conception of the universe might have been are reconstructed and piecemeal; we put things together based on fragments of ancient art, possible related concepts in the iconography and symbolism of various Gaulish deities, and even comparison with other nearby cultures' cosmologies. Some scholars attempt to reconstruct a three-part world from the Gundestrap Cauldron, one of the more famous pieces of Gaulish art:


The theory is that the scenes - which include a clearly identifiable image of Cernunnos, as well as other figures that are theorized to be Taranis and Belenos - show symbolic depictions of three worlds, including a world of humanity, a world of the gods and an "otherworld" beyond it that might be the home of monsters or other strange creatures. The theory is heavily based on drawing parallels between the worlds of Norse cosmology (Midgard, Asgard and Jotunheim) and the worlds of Irish cosmology (Earth, Tir na nOg and Faerie), and while it does have some interesting possible parallels (like the guess that maybe the giant bovine figure on the base of the cauldron is the same as the Norse Audumbla, or the idea that the scenes are meant to depict battles from the Tain bo Cuailgne), in the end it's just a big old pile of guesses. We have no idea if any of them are correct, despite the fact that various scholars with wildly different theories are willing to duel to the metaphorical death over their own personal favorites.

The Gauls were largely pre-literate and what few things we have preserved from their religion were recorded by Roman invaders, which means that they're all highly polluted by syncretism and interpretatio romana, and most of the details that didn't match up to Roman religion were summarily ignored. Julius Caesar, our best written source for Gaulish religion (and isn't that a depressing thought?), describes a few of their gods, funeral rites and sacrificial rituals, but he doesn't bother to explain how they thought the universe was put together. Which in itself sparks more scholarly theories that maybe he didn't describe it because it was very similar to Roman cosmology and he assumed his audience back home would automatically assume that... but really, we have no clue.

So the upshot of all this is that Gaulish cosmology is a giant question mark, and has been for centuries. And unless we discover either an ancient writer's hidden works that describe the religion in detail, or some previously unknown artwork or artifacts that directly depict it, that's the way it's going to stay. A moment of silence for the things we have forgotten and may never be able to remember or reconstruct.

This is one of the major reasons that the Nemetondevos are hard to work with in Scion. We don't know very much about them, and even less about the universe their people believed they inhabited; and that means that we don't have much to go on when we try to figure out what associations their gods have, where their Scions might go, who their enemies might be or what kinds of stories and mythic archetypes best describe them. They're essentially a lost pantheon, which is why the official supplement that details them basically approaches them from a perspective that says that the pantheon was almost eliminated, has been out of play in Scion's universe for a long time, and has as its greatest enemy Fate itself. If anything can erase a pantheon, a group of beings literally made up of pure legend and myth, it's Fate. Fate alone can erase the stories of even the most incredible mythic exploits, so that's what the supplement suggests happened to these gods.

We pretty much agree with you, first questioner; Dubnolissos is a pretty good shot at a posited Gaulish Underworld, but at the end of the day it's almost totally fabricated. The supplement leans heavily on the idea that because the Nemetondevos attempted to oppose Fate itself in the person of the Matrones (whose trinity of Fate-weavers is another repeat of the European idea of the three women who represent destiny, just like the Moirai, Norns or Sudice), Fate lashed back at them by wiping their mortal worshipers off the map via the conquest of Gaul by Rome, and wiping the gods themselves from the history of the world. As a result, Dubnolissos is written as a place where all the Gaulish gods reside with their people - forgotten gods together with their forgotten worshipers. It's designed as a larger-than-life version of what the Gaulish lands would have looked like in the time of the Nemetondevos' heyday, complete with wildlife and villages of mortal souls. In keeping with the theme of the Gauls being tied to their people, which allows them to be wiped out when their people are wiped out, the PSP of Deuogdonio also depends on affecting mortal worshipers, and all of the gods' territories in Dubnolissos are based on the idea that in time gone by they actually lived among mortals rather than in an Overworld away from them.

And you know what? That's a pretty goddamn solid and resonant constructed cosmology. Oh, it doesn't necessarily have much to do with what Gaulish mythology was doing two thousand years ago... but it's still a coherent combination of religious concepts and Scion's mechanics that gives Storytellers a lot to play with. If you're going to write up a pantheon that has almost no history left, this is far from a bad way to go.

So we're cool with Dubnolissos, as far as it goes. We don't actively use the Nemetondevos as parent gods because of their lack of context, which makes it hard to write stories that mesh well with other pantheons that do have a lot of history and symbolism to draw on, so we're not going to leap to use them no matter how much we admire the writing job on them, but that doesn't mean we can't give the writers over at Biblioteque Interdite some mad props.

As for the Overworld, second questioner, we don't have any more historical or mythological idea what's going on with that than we do for Dubnolissos... but if you're a fan of the universe that the writers of the Storyteller Screen created for the Nemetondevos, they do have an answer for you. While they never officially published it, the same writers later released a tiny additional supplement that did add an Overworld to the Gaulish cosmology, and explained why it wasn't included in the original pantheon release. In a nutshell, the Titan who was father to the Nemetondeos, Orgos, also pissed off Fate, which responded by actually killing him as he gave birth to the last of the pantheon; his death, as with the deaths of all Titan Avatars, had horrific destabilizing consequences on the universe, and destroyed the pantheon's Axis Mundi (Orgos' throne) and completely severed the Gaulish Overworld of Albion (meaning "white world", according to at least one reconstructed etymology) from the World, making it inaccessible and marooning the Nemetondevos on earth with no way to return home. This is particularly interesting not only because it continues to carry on the theme of the Nemetondevos as a whole being locked in a serious conflict with Fate (which always defeats them - and is perhaps a cautionary tale to other pantheons who think they can overcome Fate's dictates?), but also because Albion is a traditional name for the island of Britain/Scotland, suggesting that the story might be an allegory for the Gaulish pantheon's split away from their "relatives", the other Celtic gods. Irish mythology in particular loves to set Overworlds and other magical locations as faraway islands, so this is an interesting mirror of that concept.

If you'd like to read the supplement, unfortunately we don't have it in the original French; Biblioteque Interdite has since stopped handling Scion's French distribution in light of the impending second edition of the game and its game supplement site is no longer online. However, we did download it and do a quick and dirty translation into English back in the day, which you can read in all its poor-grammar glory here. Please pardon the bad translation - I could probably do a better job if I retackled it now, several years later, but unfortunately I no longer have the original.

We've actually used the Gauls a little bit in our games, despite their near-total dearth of surviving mythology; the idea that they're a largely dead pantheon that serves as an example of the eventual downfall of pantheons that attempt en masse to fight Fate is a resonant one for young Scions, who are in their own ways learning to make their own Legends and fight their own destinies, and the potential continuing cycle of downfall extending to the Theoi, who conquered the Nemetondevos but are guilty of trying to avoid their own Fates as well (hey, there, Zeus, how's that belly full of Metis?) is a fun one to play with in stories. They're mostly gone now - they were already on their last legs, and Ragnarok took out all but one or two of them - but they were a fun experiment while it lasted.

11 comments:

  1. thanks first asker here i have soft spot for the gauls they seem so interesting but we don't know much about which makes me very mad if i could i would go back in and threaten Caesar into recording the gauls beliefs more better but to be honest that will get my executed but hey what your going to do so anyway thanks

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  2. Johannes EyjolfssonMarch 12, 2014 at 11:22 AM

    An actual English translation? Come to papa...oh...password prompt...
    Help? :)

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    1. Oops, I mislinked! It's fixed now, and requires no password. :)

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  3. Ah, how I wish I could find an easy way to get around being "Anonymous" all the time...

    I did a fair bit of work on interpreting the Gundestrup Cauldron as a starting grad student. There are REALY problems using it a source for Gaulish religion. First, it wasn't even found in Gaul. Or Celtic territory for that matter. It's from what was Germanic territory in a ritual deposit. Deconstructed. Stacked. So, it's art is unquestionably Celtic, but from where? Sure, Gaul is the closest place, but people have boats. Two. The silver used is probably from Northern Spain. Which isn't Gaulish territory. It's Celtiberian. About which we know even less myth-wise than Gaul. Not only is there the Roman issue, but these guys had a Phonecian domination from Carthage in between. Plus they were a fusion society with whatever came before. Something possibly like the Basques? Who knows. But if it is a Celtiberian artifact, that throws a lot of interpretation off-kilter. Now, silver can be re-used, so it's not dispositive, but it's suggestive that calling it Gaulish is issue laden. Third, the actual iconography. (I wrote an article about this part). While it has figures that are similar to Gaulish figures that appear on other pieces, there are issues with that too. Some of them are very old types, original Halstat or early La Tene. So they would be common to ALL Celtic peoples in one form or another. Additionally (this was the article) at least some elements are NOT Gaulish. I worked on the torcs. Exhaustively comparing them to torcs worn by various parts of the Celtic diaspora. The torcs are largely not Gaulish. They match up most closely with the torcs from the Celts in the region near Illyria (modern Albania +). The Celts who ended up sacking the Temple at Delphi, fighting the Kingdom of Pergammon in Anatolia (and a cool statue) and ended up settling there, becoming the Galatians who Paul the Apostle talked to. So, definitely not Gaulish.

    Valuable stuff moves around pretty easily. It's very likely that the Cauldron comes from somewhere other than Gaul and illustrates myths that MAY have has Gaulish reflections but are indicative of older Celtic myths or those of other areas the Celts settled.

    The figure identified as Taranis seems to have more in common with the stories related to the hero Fergus in the Tain. The chariot with the broken wheel that he used as a weapon when otherwise disarmed. Which could easily mean that Fergus is a remnant of a previous myth of the godhead known (faintly and vaguely) in Gaul as Taranis. But, like Anne says, speculation piled on speculation.

    Use the source material as you will. I certainly have. (Not with the Nemetondevos. I did it with the Anasazi using their archaeological remnants with what what's in the myths and legends of the Navajo and Hopi/Pueblo Peoples.) Especially if you can use them thematically to demonstrate something cool, like Anne and John used the Nemetondevos. It's as good a card toss in the hat as anything we'll ever really know and decent interpretation.

    I think though, it's not a one size fits all. It can't be that all the lost pantheons are the victims of warring with their Fates. Which means coming up with a different cool reason for their obscurity every time...

    Or not. Maybe that's what you want them to represent. A pantheon that sets itself against faith is just a shadow on the wall of what they used to be...

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    1. err... "faith" should be "Fate" in the last paragraph...

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    2. Oh, definitely, there are tons of questions around whether the Gundestrap cauldron is really Celtic at all, not least the fact that its metalwork suggests that even if it depicts Celtic scenes, it probably wasn't made by Celts. But the Scion supplement for the Gauls treats it as one of their artifacts and I figured the mysteries of silversmithing in times gone by was a little outside the scope of the question. (But awesome information for the Gaulish Scion researcher, nonetheless!)

      If you want to post without registering for a Blogger account and still have a name, you can post anonymously and just change the name "Anonymous" to whatever you prefer instead. That's what several folks around here do. :)

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    3. But awesome and informative comment nonetheless.

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    4. Yes, if you select Name/URL from the 'Reply As' menu, you can insert your name.

      That does mean it is possible for someone else to use your name, but that wouldn't gain much. It is helpful for people like me who do not know what most of those other options even are except "Google Account".

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  4. I have to ask: The Alihah are second only to the Inue as far as my favourite pdf Pantheons go, and they're about as bad off as the Nemetondevos source wise. You even put a note to that effect in the supplement, so I was wondering: how much of it was based on the meagre scraps we have, and how much was a writer's attempt at construction? Which elements are attested to in the records, and which did you have to create to plug in the holes?

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    1. Jeez, that'd be a whole post all by itself. :) Actually, I should probably do one sometime.

      There are a few things that are totally fabricated - large swaths of the overworld, for example, although there are features in it that are established parts of Bedouin myth. A few things also, like the giant beasts al-Rayyan and Falak, are Islamic characters rather than being rooted in pre-Islamic folklore, although there is a good chance that they or something like them already existed and was coopted into Islam during its rise to prominence. And the gods themselves, while they are definitely real deities who were worshiped, probably mostly have a sketchy association or two that are based on archaeological reconstruction but don't have a firm textual support.

      But there's also a lot of legit stuff, including the Muqim and the ideas of death in pre-Islamic Arabia, the story of Iram, City of the Pillars, and the vast majority of the stuff about jinn.

      Definitely a synthesis of pre-Islamic myth, Islamic myth, and writer inserting connective tissue, though.

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